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Athena Model
The Athena Model was developed by the
Sustainable Materials Institute to compare wood, steel and concrete
from the time of resource extraction (harvest), through manufacture, to
on-site construction, throughout the occupancy of the home, its
demolition and the ultimate disposal, reuse or recycling of that
building material.
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**
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Wood
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Steel
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Concrete
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Total Energy Use
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Lowest
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140% more
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70% more
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Greenhouse Gases
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Lowest
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45% more
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81% more
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Air Pollution
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Lowest
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42% more
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67% more
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Water Pollution
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Lowest
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1900% more
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90% more
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Solid Waste
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Lowest
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36% more
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96% more
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Ecological Resource Use
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Lowest
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16% more
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97% more
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**This information was originally printed in the January
2003 ACF Newsletter
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